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Remission criteria and functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia: A longitudinal study
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 03/03/15

Heering HD, et al. – The authors concluded that, in a large sample of patients with a non–affective psychotic disorder, stable remission or moving into remission over time, based on the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) criteria, was associated with a favourable functional outcome and quality of life (QoL), providing further support for the clinical validity of the RSWG remission criteria. The findings also suggest growing adaptation and self–management over time, despite ongoing difficulties.

Psychotherapy for bipolar disorder in adults: A review of the evidence
FOCUS, 02/26/15

Swartz HA, et al. – This review summarizes the available data on psychotherapy for adults with bipolar disorder. Data revealed that, whether delivered in a group or individual format, those who receive bipolar disorder–specific psychotherapy fare better than those who do not. Psychotherapeutic strategies common to most bipolar disorder–specific interventions are identified. 

The Hypomanic Personality Scale: A measure of personality and/or bipolar symptoms?
Psychiatry Research, 11/04/14
Parker G, et al. – The authors undertook a number of analyses to determine if the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) is likely to be a measure of actual personality style or is confounded by items capturing hypomanic/manic mood symptoms. Results suggest that HPS is unlikely to simply be a measure of personality style and appears strongly confounded by hypomanic/manic mood symptoms. 

Impulsivity in bipolar and substance use disorders
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 02/25/15 

Ozten M, et al. – The results replicate that interepisode BD and substance use disorder patients both have increased total impulsivity and extends them that trait impulsivity is not completely the same in subscales. Both groups were similar on attention and motor impulsivity subscales but on the nonplanning subscale BD patients are more impulsive than the substance use disorder patiens.

Suicidal ideation and mental health disorders in young school children across Europe
Journal of Affective Disorders, 02/25/15

Kovess V, et al. – The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of suicidal ideation and thoughts of death in elementary school children in a European survey and to determine the associated socio–demographic and clinical factors. The authors conclude that recognizing suicidal ideation in young children may be recommended as part of preventive strategies such as screening in the context of the presence of any mental health problems whether externalizing or internalizing.

What clinical features precede the onset of bipolar disorder?
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 02/19/15

Perich T, et al. – The findings that AR subjects had higher rates of depressive, anxiety and behavioural disorders compared to controls, and prior behavioural disorders increased the risk to later development of affective disorders in the BD group, suggest the possibility of therapeutic targeting for these disorders in those at high genetic risk for BD. 

Hostile attributions in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia contribute to poor social functioning
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 02/05/15

Lahera G, et al. – The study aimed to compare the profile of attributional style of a group of out–patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), and a group of healthy controls – along with other social cognition domains – such as emotion recognition and theory of mind (ToM). Findings show that attributional style (along with other domains of social cognition) is altered in out–patients with BD and SZ. The presence of residual symptoms and a hostile social cognitive bias may contribute to the functional impairment of both groups.

Differentiating risk for mania and borderline personality disorder: The nature of goal regulation and impulsivity
Psychiatry Research, 02/18/15 

Fulford D, et al. – The authors tested the hypothesis that variables related to goal dysregulation would be uniquely related to risk for mania, while emotion–relevant impulsivity would be related to risk for both disorders. Results highlight potential differences and commonalities in mania risk versus borderline personality disorder risk.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: A current review
Current Psychiatry Reports, 02/06/15

Diedrich A, et al. – This review provides a current overview on the diagnostics, epidemiology, co–occurrences, aetiology and treatment of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Self–esteem variability, stronger early alliances as well as the distress level seem to predict cognitive (behavioural) therapy outcome.

Comorbid bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 01/19/15

 Hidalgo–Mazzei D, et al. – The authors tested the hypothesis that patients with both BD type I (BDI) or II (BDII) and BPD would have a higher rate of SUD than would patients with either disorder alone. The present study shows the importance of taking both BPD and BD into consideration insofar as the co–occurrence of the disorders increased the risk of having a SUD especially when compared with BDII alone.

Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder—current evidence and recent trends
Current Psychiatry Reports, 12/16/14

Stoffers JM, et al. – Drug treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is common but mostly not supported by evidence from high–quality research. There is some evidence for beneficial effects by second–generation antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and omega–3 fatty acids, while the overall evidence base is still unsatisfying. Research trends indicate increasing attention to alternative treatments such as dietary supplementation by omega–3 fatty acids or oxytocin. 

Normal personality, personality disorder and psychosis: Current views and future perspectives
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 12/22/14

Balaratnasingam S, et al. – The purpose of this article is to review recent literature examining the occurrence of psychotic experiences in normal population and those with personality disorders. Psychotic symptoms are best considered as ‘trans–diagnostic’ entities on a continuum from normal to pathological. There is a large body of evidence for a dimensional relationship between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. This review highlights the need to move beyond traditional assumptions and categorical boundaries when evaluating psychotic experiences and psychopathological phenomena. 

The Hypomanic Personality Scale: A measure of personality and/or bipolar symptoms?
Psychiatry Research, 11/04/14

Parker G, et al. – The authors undertook a number of analyses to determine if the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) is likely to be a measure of actual personality style or is confounded by items capturing hypomanic/manic mood symptoms. Results suggest that HPS is unlikely to simply be a measure of personality style and appears strongly confounded by hypomanic/manic mood symptoms.

N-acetylaspartate normalization in bipolar depression after lamotrigine treatment
Bipolar Disorders, 01/05/15

Croarkin PE, et al. – The aim of the present study was to examine N–acetylaspartate (NAA), a general marker of neuronal viability, and total NAA (tNAA), the combined signal of NAA and N–acetylaspartylglutamate, in bipolar depression before and after lamotrigine treatment. The data suggest an NAA deficit in bipolar depression that is normalized after lamotrigine treatment. Future research is warranted to evaluate whether baseline NAA level is a potential biomarker for identifying lamotrigine response patterns and whether this functional brain change has an associated clinical response.
Methods
  • Patients with bipolar depression underwent two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate at baseline (n = 15) and after 12 weeks of lamotrigine treatment (n = 10).
  • A group of age-matched healthy controls (n = 9) underwent scanning at baseline for comparison.
Results
  • At baseline, patients with bipolar depression had significantly lower NAA [mean standard deviation (SD) = 1.13 (0.21); p = 0.02] than controls [mean (SD) = 1.37 (0.27)].
  • Significant increases in NAA [mean (SD) = 1.39 (0.21); p = 0.01] and tNAA [mean (SD) = 1.61 (0.25); p = 0.02] levels were found after 12 weeks of lamotrigine treatment.
Psychoeducation for relapse prevention in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of efficacy in randomized controlled trials
Bipolar Disorders, 01/26/15

Bond K, et al. – This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of psychoeducation for bipolar disorder in preventing relapse and other outcomes, and to identify factors that relate to clinical outcomes. Findings indicate that group psychoeducation appears to be effective in preventing relapse in bipolar disorder, with less evidence for individually delivered interventions. Better understanding of mediating mechanisms is needed to optimize efficacy and personalize treatment.
Methods
  • The authors employed the systematic review of randomized controlled trials of psychoeducation in participants with bipolar disorder not in an acute illness episode, compared with treatment–as–usual, and placebo or active interventions.
  • Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for non–relapse into any episode, mania/hypomania, and depression were calculated using an intent–to–treat (ITT) analysis, assigning dropouts to relapse, with a sensitivity analysis in which dropouts were assigned to non–relapse (optimistic ITT).
Results
  • Sixteen studies were included, eight of which provided data on relapse.
  • Although heterogeneity in the data warrants caution, psychoeducation appeared to be effective in preventing any relapse [n = 7; OR: 1.98–2.75; number needed to treat (NNT): 5–7, depending on the method of analysis] and manic/hypomanic relapse (n = 8; OR: 1.68–2.52; NNT: 6–8), but not depressive relapse.
  • Group, but not individually, delivered interventions were effective against both poles of relapse; the duration of follow–up and hours of therapy explained some of the heterogeneity.
  • Psychoeducation improved medication adherence and short–term knowledge about medication.
  • No consistent effects on mood symptoms, quality of life, or functioning were found.

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Assessment and management of treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in children
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 02/04/15

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