Your Article Summary
Remission criteria and functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia: A longitudinal study
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 03/03/15
Heering HD, et al. – The authors concluded that, in a large sample of
patients with a non–affective psychotic disorder, stable remission or
moving into remission over time, based on the Remission in Schizophrenia
Working Group (RSWG) criteria, was associated with a favourable
functional outcome and quality of life (QoL), providing further support
for the clinical validity of the RSWG remission criteria. The findings
also suggest growing adaptation and self–management over time, despite
ongoing difficulties.
Psychotherapy for bipolar disorder in adults: A review of the evidence
FOCUS, 02/26/15
Swartz HA, et al. – This review summarizes the available data on
psychotherapy for adults with bipolar disorder. Data revealed that,
whether delivered in a group or individual format, those who receive
bipolar disorder–specific psychotherapy fare better than those who do
not. Psychotherapeutic strategies common to most bipolar
disorder–specific interventions are identified.
The Hypomanic Personality Scale: A measure of personality and/or bipolar symptoms?
Psychiatry Research, 11/04/14 |
Parker G, et al. – The authors undertook a number of analyses to determine if the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) is likely to be a measure of actual personality style or is confounded by items capturing hypomanic/manic mood symptoms. Results suggest that HPS is unlikely to simply be a measure of personality style and appears strongly confounded by hypomanic/manic mood symptoms.
Impulsivity in bipolar and substance use disorders
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 02/25/15
Ozten M, et al. – The results replicate that interepisode BD and
substance use disorder patients both have increased total impulsivity
and extends them that trait impulsivity is not completely the same in
subscales. Both groups were similar on attention and motor impulsivity
subscales but on the nonplanning subscale BD patients are more impulsive
than the substance use disorder patiens.
Suicidal ideation and mental health disorders in young school children across Europe
Journal of Affective Disorders, 02/25/15
Kovess V, et al. – The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of
suicidal ideation and thoughts of death in elementary school children
in a European survey and to determine the associated socio–demographic
and clinical factors. The authors conclude that recognizing suicidal
ideation in young children may be recommended as part of preventive
strategies such as screening in the context of the presence of any
mental health problems whether externalizing or internalizing.
What clinical features precede the onset of bipolar disorder?
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 02/19/15
Perich T, et al. – The findings that AR subjects had higher rates of
depressive, anxiety and behavioural disorders compared to controls, and
prior behavioural disorders increased the risk to later development of
affective disorders in the BD group, suggest the possibility of
therapeutic targeting for these disorders in those at high genetic risk
for BD.
Hostile attributions in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia contribute to poor social functioning
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 02/05/15
Lahera G, et al. – The study aimed to compare the profile of
attributional style of a group of out–patients with bipolar disorder
(BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), and a group of healthy controls – along
with other social cognition domains – such as emotion recognition and
theory of mind (ToM). Findings show that attributional style (along with
other domains of social cognition) is altered in out–patients with BD
and SZ. The presence of residual symptoms and a hostile social cognitive
bias may contribute to the functional impairment of both groups.
Differentiating risk for mania and borderline personality disorder: The nature of goal regulation and impulsivity
Psychiatry Research, 02/18/15
Fulford D, et al. – The authors tested the hypothesis that variables
related to goal dysregulation would be uniquely related to risk for
mania, while emotion–relevant impulsivity would be related to risk for
both disorders. Results highlight potential differences and
commonalities in mania risk versus borderline personality disorder risk.
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: A current review
Current Psychiatry Reports, 02/06/15
Diedrich A, et al. – This review provides a current overview on the
diagnostics, epidemiology, co–occurrences, aetiology and treatment of
obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Self–esteem
variability, stronger early alliances as well as the distress level seem
to predict cognitive (behavioural) therapy outcome.
Comorbid bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 01/19/15
Hidalgo–Mazzei D, et al. – The authors tested the hypothesis that
patients with both BD type I (BDI) or II (BDII) and BPD would have a
higher rate of SUD than would patients with either disorder alone. The
present study shows the importance of taking both BPD and BD into
consideration insofar as the co–occurrence of the disorders increased
the risk of having a SUD especially when compared with BDII alone.
Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder—current evidence and recent trends
Current Psychiatry Reports, 12/16/14
Stoffers JM, et al. – Drug treatment of patients with borderline
personality disorder (BPD) is common but mostly not supported by
evidence from high–quality research. There is some evidence for
beneficial effects by second–generation antipsychotics, mood stabilisers
and omega–3 fatty acids, while the overall evidence base is still
unsatisfying. Research trends indicate increasing attention to
alternative treatments such as dietary supplementation by omega–3 fatty
acids or oxytocin.
Normal personality, personality disorder and psychosis: Current views and future perspectives
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 12/22/14
Balaratnasingam S, et al. – The purpose of this article is to review
recent literature examining the occurrence of psychotic experiences in
normal population and those with personality disorders. Psychotic
symptoms are best considered as ‘trans–diagnostic’ entities on a
continuum from normal to pathological. There is a large body of evidence
for a dimensional relationship between schizotypal personality disorder
and schizophrenia. This review highlights the need to move beyond
traditional assumptions and categorical boundaries when evaluating
psychotic experiences and psychopathological phenomena.
The Hypomanic Personality Scale: A measure of personality and/or bipolar symptoms?
Psychiatry Research, 11/04/14
Parker G, et al. – The authors undertook a number of analyses to
determine if the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) is likely to be a
measure of actual personality style or is confounded by items capturing
hypomanic/manic mood symptoms. Results suggest that HPS is unlikely to
simply be a measure of personality style and appears strongly confounded
by hypomanic/manic mood symptoms.
N-acetylaspartate normalization in bipolar depression after lamotrigine treatment
Bipolar Disorders, 01/05/15
Croarkin PE, et al. – The aim
of the present study was to examine N–acetylaspartate (NAA), a general
marker of neuronal viability, and total NAA (tNAA), the combined signal
of NAA and N–acetylaspartylglutamate, in bipolar depression before and
after lamotrigine treatment. The data suggest an NAA deficit in bipolar
depression that is normalized after lamotrigine treatment. Future
research is warranted to evaluate whether baseline NAA level is a
potential biomarker for identifying lamotrigine response patterns and
whether this functional brain change has an associated clinical
response.
Methods
- Patients
with bipolar depression underwent two-dimensional proton magnetic
resonance spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate at baseline (n = 15)
and after 12 weeks of lamotrigine treatment (n = 10).
- A group of age-matched healthy controls (n = 9) underwent scanning at baseline for comparison.
Results
- At
baseline, patients with bipolar depression had significantly lower NAA
[mean standard deviation (SD) = 1.13 (0.21); p = 0.02] than controls
[mean (SD) = 1.37 (0.27)].
-
Significant increases in NAA [mean (SD) = 1.39 (0.21); p = 0.01] and
tNAA [mean (SD) = 1.61 (0.25); p = 0.02] levels were found after 12
weeks of lamotrigine treatment.
Psychoeducation for relapse prevention in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of efficacy in randomized controlled trials
Bipolar Disorders, 01/26/15
Bond K, et al. – This study
aimed to evaluate the efficacy of psychoeducation for bipolar disorder
in preventing relapse and other outcomes, and to identify factors that
relate to clinical outcomes. Findings indicate that group
psychoeducation appears to be effective in preventing relapse in bipolar
disorder, with less evidence for individually delivered interventions.
Better understanding of mediating mechanisms is needed to optimize
efficacy and personalize treatment.
Methods
- The
authors employed the systematic review of randomized controlled trials
of psychoeducation in participants with bipolar disorder not in an acute
illness episode, compared with treatment–as–usual, and placebo or
active interventions.
-
Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for non–relapse into any episode,
mania/hypomania, and depression were calculated using an intent–to–treat
(ITT) analysis, assigning dropouts to relapse, with a sensitivity
analysis in which dropouts were assigned to non–relapse (optimistic
ITT).
Results
- Sixteen studies were included, eight of which provided data on relapse.
- Although
heterogeneity in the data warrants caution, psychoeducation appeared to
be effective in preventing any relapse [n = 7; OR: 1.98–2.75; number
needed to treat (NNT): 5–7, depending on the method of analysis] and
manic/hypomanic relapse (n = 8; OR: 1.68–2.52; NNT: 6–8), but not
depressive relapse.
- Group,
but not individually, delivered interventions were effective against
both poles of relapse; the duration of follow–up and hours of therapy
explained some of the heterogeneity.
- Psychoeducation improved medication adherence and short–term knowledge about medication.
- No consistent effects on mood symptoms, quality of life, or functioning were found.
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